A question on the above answer: the sultan as a condition of Jumu'a, the athar of 'Ali, and the definition of a city

Question

A question on the above answer. I submit: from the said fatwa it became known that among the conditions for the validity of Jumu'a are a city (misr) and a sultan. To this even the ignorant commonly object: if a sultan is a condition for the validity of Jumu'a, then how is Jumu'a valid in India and in those places where there is no sultan?

Answer

The gist of the question comes down to several points. First: a sultan is a condition for the validity of Jumu'a, and he is absent here — how then is Jumu'a valid? Second: the proof for the impermissibility of Jumu'a is an athar of Hazrat 'Ali ﵁, not a marfu' hadith (one going back to the Prophet ﷺ).

Source: Fatawa Mahmudiyya

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