In this Hijri month, Shawwal (شَوَّال), the book “Siratul Mustafa” records 23 events from the life of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions. Dates follow the text of the book; where scholars differ on a date (ikhtilaf), the description gives the main view and the others.
After returning from Badr, on the 1st of Shawwal, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the festival prayer; this was the first Eid al-Fitr.
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The Quraysh army of three thousand men under Abu Sufyan ibn Harb set out from Mecca; with it were fifteen women, 700 men in armor and 200 horses.
The Messenger ﷺ set out from Makkah for Hunayn with twelve thousand against the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif; at the start of the battle the Muslims retreated, then Allah granted victory.
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On Friday after the afternoon prayer the Prophet ﷺ left Medina with a thousand men; at Shaykhayn he inspected the army and sent back the underage.
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Banu Qaynuqa were the first to break the treaty; the Prophet ﷺ besieged their fortress from the 15th of Shawwal until the beginning of Dhul Qa'dah, after which they surrendered and were expelled; at the intercession of Abdullah ibn Ubayy, the execution was cancelled. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: the 15th of Shawwal 2 AH (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls mashhur (widely held)). Other opinions: the 16th of Shawwal: the text says "the fifteenth-sixteenth of Shawwal" (پندرہ سولہ تاریخ).
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When the Quraysh, returning from Uhud, halted at Rawha and planned to turn back, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered those who had been at Uhud to set out and camped at Hamra al-Asad; after staying there three days, he returned to Medina on Friday.
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The nikah with Aisha ﵂ was contracted in the month of Shawwal in the 10th year of the prophethood, three years before the Hijra; the mahr was four hundred dirhams.
The author reports that the Fijar war (between the Quraysh and the tribe of Qays) ended in Shawwal; the Prophet ﷺ took part only by handing arrows to his uncles and did not fight himself.
The emigrants stayed in Abyssinia from Rajab until Shawwal; in Shawwal, hearing that the Meccans had accepted Islam, they returned, but near Mecca learned that the rumor was false.
After the death of Abu Talib and Khadija ﵂, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out for Ta'if with Zayd ibn Harithah ﵁ at the end of Shawwal; the people of Ta'if answered with rudeness and pelted him with stones.
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Eight months after arriving in Medina, in Shawwal, the Prophet ﷺ held the wedding with Aisha ﵂ (the nikah had been concluded earlier in Mecca, after the death of Khadija ﵂). Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Shawwal (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls mashhur (widely held)). Other opinions: according to another view, 18 months after the Hijra (the figure for the year is garbled in the text: «آدھ میں»); 2 AH: on p. 454, in the verses of al-Iraqi, the wedding with Aisha ﵂ is placed in the second year.
Having learned of the gathering of the tribes of Sulaym and Ghatafan, the Prophet ﷺ set out at the beginning of Shawwal with two hundred men; the enemy dispersed, he stayed three days at the well of Kudr and returned without fighting; the detachment he sent brought back five hundred camels.
In Shawwal the Prophet ﷺ sent Salim ibn Umayr ﵁ to Abu Afak, an elderly Jew who reviled the Prophet ﷺ in verse and incited people against him.
According to the text, the command prohibiting wine was revealed in Shawwal. In the chapter "Tahrim al-khamr" it is added: Ibn Ishaq writes that the prohibition was revealed during the expedition against Banu Nadir.
After the death of Abu Rafi, the Jews chose Usayr ibn Rizam as their chief; the Prophet ﷺ sent Abdullah ibn Rawaha, and then thirty men; a clash occurred on the way, and the Jews were cut down.
People from the tribes of Ukl and Urayna, who had accepted Islam and lived with the zakat camels, apostatized, killed the herdsman and drove off the camels; the detachment of Kurz ibn Jabir seized them, they were executed, and mutla (mutilation) was forbidden forever. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Shawwal (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls "mashhur (widely held)"). Other views: al-Bukhari: after al-Hudaybiyya and before the conquest of Khaybar.
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The delegation returned to its people, and soon after that the Messenger ﷺ departed from this world. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Shawwal (the opinions are of equal weight; the earlier one is taken). Other opinions: Dhul Qa'dah.
In Shawwal a delegation of Salaman (seven men) arrived and complained of drought; by the du'a of the Messenger ﷺ rain fell.
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Eight months after the Hijra, the Prophet ﷺ sent 60 or 80 Muhajirun horsemen led by Ubayda ibn al-Harith ﵁ to Rabigh; the encounter with two hundred Quraysh ended without fighting, and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas ﵁ shot the first arrow in Islam. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Shawwal 1 AH (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls mashhur (widely held)). Other opinions: 2 AH: according to Ibn Ishaq (and Ibn Hisham) the sariyyas took place after the ghazwa of al-Abwa, in 2 AH (the figure in the text is damaged: «آدھ»).
In Shawwal the Quraysh, seeking revenge for Badr, assembled an army using the funds of a trade caravan and marched on Medina; the Prophet ﷺ went out to meet them at Mount Uhud.
In Shawwal the Messenger ﷺ married Umm Salama ﵂, Mother of the Believers.
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The march of the coalition of Quraysh and Ghatafan (about ten thousand men) against Medina and the defence of the city with a trench dug on the advice of Salman al-Farisi ﵁. The author cites a disagreement about the time and adopts the view of Ibn Ishaq (Shawwal 5 AH), with which, in his words, the imams of the maghazi agree. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Shawwal 5 AH (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls "mashhur (widely held)"). Other views: Shawwal 4 AH — Musa ibn Uqba (and Imam al-Bukhari): Shawwal 4 AH; Dhul Qa'dah 5 AH — Ibn Sa'd and al-Waqidi: Dhul Qa'dah 5 AH.
In Shawwal the Messenger ﷺ sent Khalid ﵁ with 350 Muhajirun and Ansar to call Banu Jadhima to Islam; Khalid dealt with them excessively, and the Messenger ﷺ declared that he was free of responsibility for his act, and Ali ﵁ paid the diyah.
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Hijri calendar with events by day
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