In this Hijri month, Ramadan (رَمَضَان), the book “Siratul Mustafa” records 20 events from the life of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions. Dates follow the text of the book; where scholars differ on a date (ikhtilaf), the description gives the main view and the others.
On the tenth of Ramadan, after Asr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left Medina with ten thousand warriors; Umm Salama and Maymuna ﵅ were with him. The year is 8 AH (according to the text of the book); the month of Ramadan is confirmed by hadiths (Bukhari 4257, Ahmad 2882).
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At the beginning of Ramadan the Prophet ﷺ learned of Abu Sufyan's caravan returning from Sham; on the 12th of Ramadan he set out from Medina with 313 (by other accounts 314 or 315) Companions, having two horses and seventy camels.
On the fifteenth of Ramadan Imam al-Hasan ﵁ was born.
The author reports that the revelation began on a Monday, when the Prophet ﷺ was forty years old. Opinions on the month differ: Ibn Abd al-Barr gives the 8th of Rabi' al-Awwal, Ibn Ishaq the 17th of Ramadan; al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar in "Fath al-Bari" regards Ramadan as correct. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: the 17th of Ramadan (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls mashhur (widely held)). Other opinions: the 8th of Rabi' al-Awwal; al-Hafiz Ibn Abd al-Barr: the 8th of Rabi' al-Awwal, exactly forty years.
On Friday, the 17th of Ramadan 2 AH, the army of the Muslims and that of the Quraysh met at Badr; Allah helped the believers, seventy of the Quraysh were killed and seventy taken prisoner. The author calls it the greatest of the ghazwas.
On the day of the conquest of Mecca, which the author calls the twentieth of Ramadan, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, after the tawaf and entering the Kaaba, came out and addressed the Quraysh with a sermon; in it he declared them all "free" (at-tulaqa). The year is 8 AH (according to the text of the book); the month of Ramadan is confirmed by hadiths (Bukhari 4257, Ahmad 2882).
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The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Khalid ﵁ with thirty horsemen to Nakhla to destroy al-Uzza, and Amr ibn al-As ﵁ to destroy the idol Suwa'.
Asma, a Jewess, reviled the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in verse; Umayr ibn Adi ﵁ fulfilled his vow and killed her at night after the return of the Prophet ﷺ from Badr; the author notes that five nights remained until the end of Ramadan.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Sa'd ﵁ with twenty horsemen to destroy Manat at al-Mushallal.
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A few days after leaving the ravine Abu Talib died, and three or five days later Khadija ﵂ passed away (the "Year of Sorrow"). Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Ramadan (the opinions are equal, so the earlier one was taken). Other opinions: Shawwal.
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Zayd ibn Haritha, who had been robbed and wounded by Banu Fazara on his way to Sham, was sent again by the Prophet ﷺ with an army and returned victorious.
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In Ramadan three men of Ghassan came to the Messenger ﷺ and accepted Islam; they concealed their acceptance of Islam.
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Before the Farewell Hajj, in Ramadan, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Ali ﵁ to Yemen with three hundred men, wrapping a turban on him with his own hands; he instructed him to call to Islam first.
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The Messenger ﷺ told Fatima ﵂ that Jibril had reviewed the Quran with him twice this Ramadan (usually once), and that the i'tikaf that year lasted twenty days instead of ten; he understood this as the approach of the end.
Safiyya ﵂ died in the sacred month of Ramadan and was buried at al-Baqi'.
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The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a detachment of the Muhajirun under Hamza ﵁ to Sif al-Bahr to intercept a Quraysh caravan; no fighting took place, as Majdi ibn Amr al-Juhani mediated. The author calls it the first sariyya (expedition) after the Hijra. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Ramadan 1 AH (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls mashhur (widely held)). Other opinions: Rabi' al-Awwal 2 AH: Rabi' al-Awwal 2 AH is the second opinion in the same sentence («على اختلاف الاقوال»); 2 AH: Ibn Ishaq says the three sariyyas (of Hamza, Ubayda and Sa'd) took place after the ghazwa of al-Abwa, in 2 AH (the text reads «آدھ»/«اچھ»; the figure is damaged).
When two days remained until the end of Ramadan, the command on sadaqat al-fitr and the festival prayer was revealed; the verse "Qad aflaha man tazakka..." was revealed.
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In the month of Ramadan the Messenger ﷺ married Zaynab bint Khuzayma, known as Umm al-Masakin.
In Ramadan a delegation of Thaqif (six men led by Abd Yalayl) came to the Messenger ﷺ, accepted Islam and pledged allegiance; then al-Mughira ﵁ destroyed the idol al-Lat.
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Fatima ﵂ died in the month of Ramadan, 11 AH, six months after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; al-Abbas ﵁ led the funeral prayer.
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Hijri calendar with events by day
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