Explanation of Jahr and Sirr

Question

If one recites the Quran at such a volume that a nearby person hears only an indistinct hum, does this invalidate the prayer? And at what minimum volume does recitation qualify as loud (jahr)? Please explain in detail, as distinguishing between jahr and sirr is sometimes difficult in practice.

Answer

If only one or two people can hear an indistinct hum, there is no deficiency in the prayer; such recitation still counts as quiet (sirr). Recitation is considered loud (jahr) when the imam's voice is generally audible to the first row of worshippers.

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