The ruling on prayer on a train when it is crowded

Question

If on a train, because of the crowd, one cannot find a place even to sit, how should the prayer be performed? Moreover, along with the change of the train's direction it is also necessary to turn oneself. When water is not found, sometimes complete purity does not remain. In such a situation, should one leave the prayer as qada' (make-up), or perform it in that very state?

Answer

When there is no place even to sit, he should pray by gestures (isharah) at the end of the time, then repeat it (i'ada) on finding a place. When there is no water, he should perform tayammum and not leave the prayer as qada'.

Source: Fatawa Mahmudiyya

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