Dar al-harb, dar al-Islam, English rule, Congress rule, Jumu‘a, the two Eids, hijra

Question

Question: (1) Is India at the present time, when it is ruled by the Congress (the Indian National Congress party), dar al-harb or dar al-Islam? (2) Under what conditions does dar al-Islam become dar al-harb? In “Alamgiri” (vol. 2, p. 330, Hooghly edition) it says: [ar]اعلم أن دار الحرب تصير دار الإسلام عند أبي حنيفة ﵀ بشرائط ثلاث[/ar] “Know that dar al-harb becomes dar al-Islam, according to Imam Abu Hanifa ﵀, under three conditions…” etc.

Answer

(1) The causes on account of which there was disagreement before still exist now; therefore no ruling has changed — except in some cities and villages. That is, according to the writings and proofs of those respected scholars in whose view it was dar al-harb, such as Hazrat Shah ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ﵀, Shah Muhammad Isma‘il Shahid ﵀, Hazrat Gangohi ﵀, Hazrat Nanautawi ﵀ and others,…

Source: Fatawa Mahmudiyya

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