In this Hijri month, Muharram (مُحَرَّم), the book “Siratul Mustafa” records 13 events from the life of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions. Dates follow the text of the book; where scholars differ on a date (ikhtilaf), the description gives the main view and the others.
At the beginning (gurra) of the month of Muharram the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abu Salama ﵁ as commander of an expedition; he returned after 29 days, after which his earlier wound reopened.
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On the first of Muharram word came that the sons of Khuwaylid were gathering people against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; he sent Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Asad ﵁ with 150 Muhajirun and Ansar. The enemy dispersed, and the detachment returned with spoils.
On Monday, the 5th of Muharram, word came that Khalid ibn Sufyan was gathering an army; Abdullah ibn Unays ﵁ was sent and killed him. He returned to Medina on the 23rd of Muharram and laid Khalid's head before the Messenger ﷺ, who gave him a staff.
Upon arriving in Medina, the Prophet ﷺ commanded fasting on the day of Ashura (the 10th of Muharram); after fasting in Ramadan was prescribed, this became optional.
Thirty horsemen under Muhammad ibn Maslama attacked the Qurta (ten were killed, and spoils and captives were taken, among them Thumama ibn Uthal ﵁, who later accepted Islam). They reached Medina after 19 days, on the 29th of Muharram.
The author places Abraha's march on Mecca and the destruction of his army in Muharram, shortly before the birth of the Prophet ﷺ; elsewhere in chapter 8 he states that the birth followed the event by fifty or fifty-five days.
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The Quraysh wrote an agreement of complete boycott of Muhammad ﷺ and Banu Hashim; Abu Talib and his clan took refuge in the ravine (shi'b) of Abu Talib, where they spent three years. The beginning is placed in Muharram.
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In Muharram the Prophet ﷺ set out for Najd against Banu Tha'laba and Banu Muharib (branches of Ghatafan) with 450 Companions; he spent the whole of Safar there without fighting and returned to Medina in Rabi' al-Awwal; during the expedition the story of Dhu'thur (Ghawrath), who accepted Islam, took place. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Muharram 3 AH (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls mashhur (widely held)). Other opinions: Safar: the stay on the expedition: the whole month of Safar; Rabi' al-Awwal: the return to Medina: Rabi' al-Awwal.
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The Prophet ﷺ sent a letter to Heraclius with Dihya al-Kalbi ﵁; he arrived in Bayt al-Maqdis and delivered the letter at Caesar's court.
At the end of the month of Muharram the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left Medina for Khaybar with 1400 foot soldiers and 200 horsemen; on that same journey he took Umm Salama ﵂ with him.
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With the sighting of the month of Muharram, 9 AH, the Messenger ﷺ sent out 'amils and musaddiqs to the tribes to collect zakat and sadaqah.
After Banu Tamim refused to pay zakat, the Messenger ﷺ sent Uyayna with fifty horsemen; then a delegation of Banu Tamim arrived, a verse was revealed (al-Hujurat 4–5), and the tribe accepted Islam.
In the middle ten days of Muharram, 11 AH, a delegation of Nakha' of two hundred men came to the Messenger ﷺ; Zurara ﵁ related his dreams, and the Messenger ﷺ interpreted them, foretelling a time of strife.
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Hijri calendar with events by day
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