In this Hijri month, Dhul Hijjah (ذُو الحِجَّة), the book “Siratul Mustafa” records 14 events from the life of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions. Dates follow the text of the book; where scholars differ on a date (ikhtilaf), the description gives the main view and the others.
The Messenger ﷺ entered Makkah on Sunday, the 4th of Dhul Hijjah; Ali ﵁, returning from Yemen, joined him; then the rites of Hajj were performed.
Abu Sufyan attacked the outskirts of Medina at the beginning of Dhul Hijjah; on Sunday, the 5th of Dhul Hijjah, the Prophet ﷺ set out in pursuit with two hundred Muhajirun and Ansar but did not catch up with them; the captured sacks of barley flour (sawiq) gave the ghazwa its name.
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On Friday, the ninth of Dhul Hijjah, the Messenger ﷺ stood at Arafah and delivered a long sermon; after it, during supplication, the verse of al-Ma'idah (5:3) about the perfection of the religion was revealed.
On returning from the ghazwa of as-Sawiq, the Prophet ﷺ on the 10th of Dhul Hijjah performed the two-rak'ah festival prayer, sacrificed two rams and commanded the Muslims to offer sacrifice; this was the first Eid al-Adha (Qurban Bayram).
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In 9 AH Ali ﵁, on the instruction of the Prophet ﷺ, proclaimed to the people at Mina on the Day of Sacrifice the verses of Surah "Bara'a" (disavowal of the polytheists). The year is stated in the book; the day is taken from a hadith (Bukhari 4651: yawm an-nahr = the 10th of Dhul Hijjah).
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On the Day of Sacrifice at Mina the Messenger ﷺ slaughtered 63 camels with his own hands (the number of years he had lived), and Ali ﵁ slaughtered 37 on his behalf; then he delivered a sermon and distributed his hair among the Companions.
The Ansar pledged allegiance to the Prophet ﷺ in the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah and returned to Medina at the end of Dhul Hijjah; soon afterwards the Prophet ﷺ permitted the Companions to make the Hijra.
After the umra and the wedding to Maymuna ﵂, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Medina in the month of Dhul Hijjah.
In the month of Dhul Hijjah, Ahram ﵁ was sent with fifty men to call Banu Sulaym to Islam; they refused and slew the detachment, leaving Ahram wounded.
Ibrahim, the last child of the Prophet ﷺ, by Maria al-Qibtiyya, was born in the month of Dhul Hijjah; on the seventh day the aqiqah was performed.
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According to the verses of al-Iraqi, the marriage of Fatima az-Zahra ﵂ with Ali ﵁ was concluded in the second year of the Hijra. Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Dhul Hijjah 2 AH (the opinions are equal, so the earlier one was taken). Other opinions: Muharram; Safar.
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On returning from al-Hudaybiyya, the Prophet ﷺ decided in the month of Dhul Hijjah to send letters to the rulers of the world and ordered a seal to be made with the inscription "Muhammad Rasulullah". Ikhtilaf (scholarly disagreement) on the date. In the calendar: Dhul Hijjah 6 AH (as in the main text of the book: the view the author considers more correct or calls "mashhur (widely held)"). Other views: 7 AH — some historians of the sira: 7 AH; al-Bayhaqi: after the ghazwa of Mu'ta; all agree: after al-Hudaybiyya and before the conquest of Mecca.
In Dhul Hijjah of this year the Messenger ﷺ had a son, Ibrahim, born to Maria al-Qibtiyya.
After the Farewell Tawaf at the end of Dhul Hijjah the Messenger ﷺ set out for Madinah and arrived there at the end of the same month; soon 10 AH ended and 11 AH began.
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Hijri calendar with events by day
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